The Finnish Spitz is a charming, foxy‑looking companion that has captured the hearts of people in Finland and beyond. Known as the national dog of Finland, this breed carries centuries of history as a hunting companion and bark pointer. Today, many families love “Finkies” for their friendly nature, keen intelligence and striking red‑gold coat. In this guide, you’ll learn where the Finnish Spitz comes from, how it looks and acts, and what you need to know if you’re thinking of adding one to your household.
History and origins
The Finnish Spitz descends from spitz‑type dogs that accompanied Finno‑Ugric tribes as they migrated from central Russia into Finland. These early dogs were prized for their versatility: they watched over property and assisted hunters by tracking game and using their distinctive bark to alert their human partners. Over generations, the breed became refined into a specialist “bark pointer.” Hunters would quietly follow their dog into the deep forests; when the Finnish Spitz located birds or small game, it would bark repeatedly to hold the animal’s attention while the hunter moved into position. Although its exact ancestry isn’t documented, the breed was shaped by centuries of Finnish culture and was named Finland’s national dog in 1979.
Physical characteristics
This handsome spitz has a compact, square build with a slightly longer back than height at the withers. Males typically stand 17.5–20 inches and weigh 25–33 pounds, while females are a little smaller at 15.5–18 inches and 20–38 pounds. The Finnish Spitz’s most distinctive features include:
- Head and face: A wedge‑shaped head with a tapering muzzle, almond‑shaped dark eyes and pricked triangular ears give it a fox‑like expression.
- Coat: The double coat consists of a dense, soft undercoat and a medium‑length straight outer coat. The fur is thicker around the neck and tail. Coat colour ranges from deep gold to red‑gold with lighter underparts and white markings on the chest and feet.
- Tail: A plush plume carried over the back.
- Gait: Light and nimble, with a ground‑covering trot.
The breed sheds moderately throughout the year with heavier seasonal “blow‑outs.” Regular brushing will keep the coat in good condition and reduce shedding around your home.
Temperament and personality
Behind the beautiful coat is an intelligent, lively dog. Finnish Spitz are affectionate with their families and patient with children. They tend to be aloof with strangers, preferring to announce the arrival of visitors with their trademark bark. Key temperament traits include:
- Vocal nature: The breed is famous for its voice. In Finland, dogs compete in bark contests to display their ability to pinpoint birds and hold their attention with an even, rhythmic bark.
- High energy: Built as a working dog, the Finnish Spitz requires daily exercise. Long walks, hiking and interactive play satisfy its physical and mental needs. A bored dog may become destructive or develop nuisance barking.
- Independent yet loyal: These dogs are independent thinkers but form strong bonds with their people. Training requires patience and positive reinforcement. Harsh methods may damage trust.
- Sensitive: Finnish Spitz respond best to gentle guidance. They like to participate in family activities and can be prone to anxiety if left alone for long periods.
Living with a Finnish Spitz
Because of its background as a hunting dog, the Finnish Spitz thrives in an environment where it can use its mind and body. Consider the following when bringing one into your home:
Exercise requirements
Plan for at least an hour of physical activity each day. Longer walks, off‑leash running in a secure area and canine sports like agility or rally provide good outlets. Mental stimulation—such as scent work, food puzzles or training games—is equally important.
Training tips
Start socialization and training early. Introduce your puppy to different people, dogs and environments to build confidence. Use positive reinforcement methods—treats, praise and play—to motivate. Keep sessions short and fun to hold your dog’s attention. Because of its vocal nature, teaching a reliable “quiet” command will help manage barking at appropriate times.
Grooming
The dense coat needs weekly brushing to prevent tangles and remove loose hair. During shedding seasons in spring and fall, daily brushing with a slicker brush or de‑shedding tool keeps the fur under control. Bathe your Finnish Spitz every few months or as needed; over‑bathing can strip natural oils. Trim nails regularly, check ears for debris and brush teeth several times a week to maintain dental health.
Health considerations
Generally, the Finnish Spitz is a robust breed with a lifespan of 13–15 years. However, like all breeds, they are prone to some inherited conditions:
- Hip dysplasia: A malformation of the hip joint that can cause pain and lameness.
- Patellar luxation: The kneecap can slip out of place, causing discomfort and intermittent lameness.
- Epilepsy: Idiopathic epilepsy can lead to seizures; responsible breeders screen their breeding stock.
- Diabetes: Some individuals may develop diabetes mellitus; maintaining a healthy weight and watching for symptoms like excessive thirst is important.
Regular veterinary check‑ups and working with a reputable breeder who performs health testing will minimize risks. Feeding a balanced, high‑quality diet and keeping your dog lean can help prevent joint problems and other diseases.
Is the Finnish Spitz right for you?
If you’re an active person or family who enjoys spending time outdoors, the Finnish Spitz could be an ideal companion. This breed loves to hike, run and play, but also settles in as a loyal family member when its needs are met. Potential owners should be prepared for lots of barking, regular grooming and consistent training. In return, they’ll gain a bright, affectionate dog that provides laughter and companionship for many years.
For anyone fascinated by Nordic breeds or looking for an energetic yet sensitive canine partner, the Finnish Spitz brings history, beauty and personality to your life. Do your research, connect with responsible breeders or rescue organizations, and you might find that the national dog of Finland is your perfect match.
